• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure for the post-harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by the solanivora key, which includes the direct and continuous application of ozone in high concentration and regulated grammage on the potato, infected or not, maintaining said concentration of ozone throughout the application in a period of at least 48 hours, and said potato being stored in a chamber at a controlled temperature of 7º c. Ozone is obtained from oxygen enriched to a purity of 96% by means of an oxygen concentrator capable of achieving a purity of oxygen of 96%. In order not to saturate the atmosphere and maintain the same concentration of ozone during the entire application, an evacuation outlet is provided in the chamber to maintain a direct current. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2541077A1
    申请号:ES201430031
    申请日:2014-01-15
    公开日:2015-07-15
    发明作者:Vicente GONZÁLEZ DENIZ
    申请人:FLUICAN S L；FLUICAN SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Procedure for post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia Solanivora.
     5
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

    The invention, as stated in the present specification, refers to a procedure for post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia Solanivora, which provides a series of innovative features, 10 they will describe in detail later, that they represent an improvement over the procedures currently used for the same purpose and a novelty within their field of application.

    More particularly, the object of the invention focuses on a quarantine procedure 15 for the post-harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or that may be infected by Tecia Solanivora, commonly called Guatemalan moth, achieving its definitive elimination in its four stages : adult moth, egg, larva and chrysalis, to allow the free circulation of these tubers through the different markets, said procedure being essentially based on the application in a high concentration ozone chamber and grammages regulated at a controlled temperature, directly applied on the tuber, infected or not, the ozone obtained from enriched oxygen.

    FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
     25
    The scope of the present invention is part of the agriculture sector, more specifically in the field of procedures for the treatment of parasites and pests, focusing particularly on the procedures for the sanitation of tubers, specifically potatoes affected by moth Guatemalan (Tecia solanivora). 30

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

    As is known, the Guatemalan moth is a lepidoptera insect currently known as Tecia Solanivora, previously its scientific name was S ’crobipalpopsis Solanivora. 35 Also popularly known as Central American moth, giant moth, wadding or tomineja, this pest was first described in the year 1973, by Dadivor Povolny, through specimens collected in Central America.

    It is currently recognized as the most harmful entomological pest for potatoes. 40
    Their attack generates great losses, not only because of the appearance of the tuber, by reducing its commercial value, but because the tubers, severely damaged, cannot be used as a seed, nor for animals or humans.

    The Guatemalan moth has a complete life cycle which means that it goes through all 45 stages of adult, egg, larva and pupa. When the larvae emerge from the eggs, they begin their migration phase towards the buried tubers, if the laying took place in the tuber directly, they penetrate it, either during their situation on land or during the storage period. Upon entering the tuber they leave a very small, almost imperceptible hole. fifty

    The larva of Tecia Solanivora, consumes the pulp and forms galleries or tunnels whose depth increases as it grows and increases its density., Unlike other species of potato moth, which bore stems or leaves, the Tecia only feeds on the tubers.
    The storage conditions (in the post harvest) are ideal for the development of the moth, because the tubers have no protection and because the darkness that reigns in most stores, are ideal conditions for the development of adults.

    Therefore, currently the Guatemalan moth is one of the main problems facing the potato sector because this pest can produce losses greater than 50% of the crop. In addition, this pest prevents the export of this product due to its quarantine pest condition and that is why it is proposed to establish a sanitation method that may be valid to allow the export of production. 10

    This implies the adoption of measures that guarantee that the tubers are free of live insects.
    In order for a quarantine treatment to be considered, it must cause mortality of the
    99.9968% insect (Probit 9), not having detrimental effects on the quality, storage or composition of the treated product, should not leave any residue that could be dangerous for the consumer, should not be dangerous for the personnel who apply it and it must be viable in terms of applicability and cost. It must also be effective in all stages of insect development.
     twenty
    The main systems or procedures used so far to clean potatoes are:

    - Use of pheromone traps: the sexual pheromone of Tecia Solanivora is a chemical substance secreted by the female of the species whose mission is to attract the male to the copula. It has been chemically synthesized and produced in sufficient quantities for commercialization. They are in the form of small cartridges that are introduced in a large plastic container to which large windows are opened to facilitate the entry of males. In the post harvest treatment they are used to know if the stored potato is contaminated or not. Bring a solution of water with soap to the bottom of the container. The traps should be checked every week and the soapy solution changed at the same time that there are males in the trap. (FEDEPAPA 1.988, biology, behavior and integrated management practices. François Herrera.).

    However, pheromone traps do not guarantee 100% post harvest harvest of the pest. 35

    - Phytosanitary products: there are several phytosanitary products recommended for the treatment of seeds and potatoes for consumption as only for potatoes for consumption. The recommended ones have as active principle:
     40
    - 2% piperonyl butoxide + 0.2% pyrethrins (pyrethrum extract) - commercially known as SALVAGRANOS ESPECIAL P, GRANET and NOVENP. Its use is recommended for consumption potatoes and seeds interchangeably.
    - 0.8% pelitre - marketed under the name of PELITRE PONTERRINA.
    - 0.5% piperonyl butoxide + 1% chlorprofam + 0.125% pyrethrins (45 pyrethrum extract) - commercially known as GERMIDOM EXTRA AND GRANET EXTRA. Recommended exclusively for consumption potatoes.

    The effectiveness of these products is 100% (postharvest phytosanitary products test for the control of the Guatemalan moth. Fátima Cubas Hernández and two more. 50 November 2007). Piperonyl Butoxide alone is not a pesticide, it is attached to pyrethrins when it acts as such. The mixture is used as a lice shampoo. It is not proven that their intake cannot be oncogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic for humans (Wikipedia). On the other hand to get the sanitation of
    The pesticide tuber should eliminate the larvae that are inside it and remain in it.

    However, phytosanitary products do not guarantee the food quality of the product, since not all the remains of them are removed after treatment and, on the other hand, they have a considerable price. The chemical sanitation of the tubers does not seem viable, since the larvae live inside the tuber and, therefore, the insecticides should penetrate and remain in it. (Evaluation of the application of the controlled atmosphere for the sanitation of potato tubers affected by the Guatemalan potato moth (Tecia Solanivora). February 2011. Island Council of Tenerife, Canary Islands Research Institute 10 Agrarian)

    The aim of the present invention is, therefore, to develop an innovative procedure that avoids the aforementioned inconveniences and provides 100% effectiveness in the treatment without any contraindication, it should be noted that, at least on the part of the applicant, it is unknown the existence of any other procedure for the post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by the Tecia Solanivora such as the one recommended here or that has similar characteristics, as claimed.
     twenty
    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

    Specifically, what the invention advocates is a procedure for the post-harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia Solanivora, which consists essentially of the application in a high concentration ozone chamber and regulated grammage, obtained from oxygen enriched with high purity (96%)

    For the application of said ozone, an apparatus, of those already existing in the market, is used as an oxygen concentrator capable of separating undesirable gases from the air, such as nitrogen and others, to produce enriched oxygen with a purity of at least 95 %. The 30 grammages are calculated based on the cubic capacity of the enclosure, or chamber / warehouse, in which the tuber to be treated is found, that is, the potato (infected or not) of the so-called Guatemalan moth or TECIA SOLANIVORA.

    In this enclosure, in addition, the temperature is controlled and the gases are constantly circulated in order to maintain the richness of the concentration at the precise level for the elimination of the insect in any of its vital states, namely larva (this within the tuber or not), pupa or pupa, adult or egg, all without changing the organoleptic characteristics of the product, or its exterior appearance.
     40
    The application of these gases is carried out for a minimum period of 48 hours, reaching a purity of oxygen greater than 95%.

    The procedure has the advantage that it leaves no residue and allows the use of treated tubers for human and animal feed or for seeds, thus eliminating cross-contamination problems. It also allows, without risk, the commercialization of any variety of potatoes to different world markets.

    Unlike the current state of the art, the proposed procedure allows its application in post harvest with a much lower cost than others, since no secondary or additional products have to be incorporated.

    It causes insect mortality in all its vital phases in 100% of cases.
    It does not affect the quality of the product to its storage or its composition.

    It does not leave hazardous waste for the environment as it is harmless gases.

    It is not dangerous for the staff that applies it. The gas is applied in a closed circuit system, so it does not require a human presence at the storage location. The 5 ozone, inhaled in high doses can cause irritation in eyes and throat that is passed after breathing air in a few minutes. However, the process already foresees a phase that requires aeration of the storage chambers a few minutes after its application, in which the ozone disappears due to its instability.
     10
    Specifically, the proposed procedure includes the following stages:

    - Storage in product drawers (potatoes) in a temperature controlled chamber at 7 degrees Celsius.
    - Proper sealing of the storage chamber to avoid uncontrolled leaks. fifteen
    - Installation of the ozone generator near the storage chamber (in a place with access to electric current) and keeping in mind that the generator is provided with wheels for transport.
    - Installation of a single and controlled gas outlet.
    - Installation of a controlled gas inlet. twenty
    - Start-up of the ozone generator and gas application for about 48 hours.

    The investment to be made in machinery is quickly amortized and there is no need to make additional investments, the only expense is the maintenance of the machinery that requires a monthly review. Therefore its viability, from the economic aspect, is evident. 25

    Given its effectiveness characteristics the treatment can be considered quarantine unlike the rest of the procedures used so far.

    In short, from the simple use of a high purity oxygen concentrator device (96%), a high concentration of ozone and an oxygen purity of 96% are achieved on the market. . which are applied in the chamber at a preferably controlled temperature of 7 ° Celsius, for at least 48 hours continuously.
     35
    It should be noted that the process contemplates not saturating the atmosphere, but that it is maintained with the same concentration of ozone during the entire application, leaving an evacuation outlet to maintain a continuous current.

    The parts per million concentration required are based on the volume of the chamber 40 where the process is applied.

    Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands its scope and the advantages derived therefrom, 45 stating that , within its essentiality, may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection that is sought provided that it is not altered, changed or modified its principle fundamental.
    fifty
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]

    1.- PROCEDURE FOR POST HARVEST TREATMENT OF POTATOES THAT MAY BE OR BE INFECTED BY THE SOLANIVORA TECIA, characterized by understanding the direct and continuous application of ozone in high concentration on the potato, 5 infected or not, maintaining said ozone concentration throughout the application in a period of at least 48 hours, and said potato being stored in a chamber at a controlled temperature.

    [2]
    2. PROCEDURE FOR POST HARVEST TREATMENT OF POTATOES THAT MAY BE OR BE INFECTED BY THE SOLANIVORA TECIA, according to claim 1, characterized in that the ozone that is applied in high concentration is obtained from oxygen enriched with a higher purity 95%

    [3]
    3. PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT IN POST HARVEST OF POTATOES THAT MAY BE OR INFECTED BY THE SOLANIVORA TECIA, according to claim 2, characterized in that an oxygen concentrating apparatus capable of achieving ozone is used to generate oxygen from enriched oxygen an oxygen purity of 96%.
     twenty
    [4]
    4. PROCEDURE FOR POST HARVEST TREATMENT OF POTATOES THAT MAY BE OR INFECTED BY THE SOLANIVORA TECIA, according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the ozone is applied with regulated weight depending on the volume of the chamber.
     25
    [5]
    5. PROCEDURE FOR POST HARVEST TREATMENT OF POTATOES THAT MAY BE OR INFECTED BY THE SOLANIVORA TECIA, according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the temperature of the chamber is 7 ° C.

    [6]
    6. PROCEDURE FOR POST HARVEST TREATMENT OF POTATOES THAT MAY BE OR BE INFECTED BY THE SOLANIVORA TECIA, according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that in order not to saturate the atmosphere and maintain the same ozone concentration throughout the entire application, an evacuation outlet is provided in the chamber that allows to maintain a continuous current.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2541077B1|2016-05-13|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DD253567A1|1983-04-04|1988-01-27|Inst F Kartoffelforschung|MEANS OF COMBATING MUSHROOMS IN POTATOES|
    JPH03103140A|1989-09-13|1991-04-30|Hideteru Sawa|Preservation of summer-dormant vegetable|
    US6066348A|1998-09-23|2000-05-23|American Air Liquide Inc.|Method of disinfecting a foodstuff using gaseous ozone|
    US20030059507A1|2001-09-21|2003-03-27|Lynn Johnson|Pathogen control on agricultural commodities|
    ES2264366A1|2005-01-24|2006-12-16|Agroinnova, S.L.|Method of preparation and packaging of a fresh food product with respiratory capacity for its conservation and later steam cooking|ES2892027A1|2020-07-27|2022-02-01|Gmr Canarias Sau|METHOD, SYSTEM AND COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERS AFFECTED BY THE GUATEMALAN MOTH PLAGUE |
    法律状态:
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    ES201430031A|ES2541077B1|2014-01-15|2014-01-15|Procedure for post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia solanivora|ES201430031A| ES2541077B1|2014-01-15|2014-01-15|Procedure for post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia solanivora|
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